A processing approach to the working memory/long-term memory distinction: Evidence from the levels-of-processing span task

Journal article


Rose, Nathan S. and Craik, Fergus I. M.. (2012). A processing approach to the working memory/long-term memory distinction: Evidence from the levels-of-processing span task. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory and Cognition. 38(4), pp. 1019 - 1029. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026976
AuthorsRose, Nathan S. and Craik, Fergus I. M.
Abstract

Recent theories suggest that performance on working memory (WM) tasks involves retrieval from long-term memory (LTM). To examine whether WM and LTM tests have common principles, Craik and Tulving's (1975) levels-of-processing paradigm, which is known to affect LTM, was administered as a WM task: Participants made uppercase, rhyme, or category-membership judgments about words, and immediate recall of the words was required after every 3 or 8 processing judgments. In Experiment 1, immediate recall did not demonstrate a levels-of-processing effect, but a subsequent LTM test (delayed recognition) of the same words did show a benefit of deeper processing. Experiment 2 showed that surprise immediate recall of 8-item lists did demonstrate a levels-of-processing effect, however. A processing account of the conditions in which levels-of-processing effects are and are not found in WM tasks was advanced, suggesting that the extent to which levels-of-processing effects are similar between WM and LTM tests largely depends on the amount of disruption to active maintenance processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywordsshort-term memory; working memory; long-term memory; secondary memory; depth of processing; levels of processing
Year2012
JournalJournal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory and Cognition
Journal citation38 (4), pp. 1019 - 1029
PublisherAmerican Psychological Association
ISSN0278-7393
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026976
Scopus EID2-s2.0-84871679866
Page range1019 - 1029
Publisher's version
File Access Level
Controlled
Place of publicationUnited States of America
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